Business Finance

“Yield to Redemption” (YTR), also known as “Yield to Call” (YTC) when referring to callable bonds, is a financial metric used to calculate the expected annual rate of return an investor can earn on a bond if it is held until it is redeemed or called by the issuer. This metric is especially relevant for […]

Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) is a budgeting technique in which every expense must be justified for each new period. Unlike traditional budgeting, where existing spending levels are used as a baseline, in zero-based budgeting, every function within an organization is analyzed for its needs and costs. Therefore, all expenses must be justified for each new period,

A zero-coupon bond is a type of financial instrument that does not make periodic interest payments like traditional bonds. Instead, it is issued at a discount to its face value and redeemed at the face value when it matures. The return to the investor is the difference between the purchase price and the face value,

A Z-score, also known as a standard score, is a statistical measurement that quantifies how far a particular data point is from the mean (average) of a dataset in terms of standard deviations. It’s a way to standardize and compare data points from different distributions. The formula for calculating the Z-score of a data point